Beyond Burnout: How Society, Technology, and Modern Work Culture Drive Us to the Brink—and What We Can Do About It

Introduction: Beyond Individual Responsibility

In today’s fast-paced world, burnout is often simplified to a personal issue: too much work and too little rest. When we’re on the edge, we’re advised to “slow down” or practice self-care, as if burnout is a problem each of us must solve alone. But what if burnout isn’t just about our personal capacity to manage stress? What if it’s a natural response of our minds and bodies to larger societal pressures and values?

As a psychotherapist, I encounter clients regularly who are experiencing exhaustion, overwhelm, and a feeling of never being “enough”—despite their best efforts to create balance in their lives. Burnout is more than just the byproduct of individual behaviour; it’s a societal symptom, deeply embedded in structures that shape our lives in ways we often don’t consciously notice. From the unyielding demands of capitalism to the pervasive belief in self-reliance, modern culture fosters a relentless drive for productivity and success at the expense of well-being. This burden weighs heavily on many, particularly those in marginalized communities, including trans+, queer, and racialized individuals, who face intersecting layers of stress and systemic oppression.

This post dives into the roots of burnout beyond the personal. Here, we’ll examine the forces at play—capitalism, technology, and individualism—and the ways they intertwine to create a culture where burnout feels inevitable. Drawing from insights by leading thinkers like Byung-Chul Han and Anne Helen Petersen, as well as therapeutic perspectives, we’ll explore how we might begin to address burnout collectively rather than as a solitary struggle.

Together, we’ll reframe burnout not as a personal failing but as a call to rethink how we value rest, connection, and well-being in a society that too often equates worth with productivity.

The Societal Roots of Burnout

Burnout isn’t simply an individual’s failure to cope; it’s a response to societal structures that perpetuate self-exploitation. Byung-Chul Han (2015) describes our modern world as an “achievement society,” where individuals no longer rely on external discipline but instead become “entrepreneurs of themselves” (p. 8). This shift means that people are compelled to push themselves constantly, driven by internalised pressures to excel, produce, and achieve at all costs. Unlike disciplinary societies of the past, which imposed external controls, this achievement-oriented culture drives individuals to relentless self-optimisation. Capitalism encourages this self-exploitation, fuelling a culture where endless productivity and self-sacrifice are normalised, resulting in exhaustion and burnout as people struggle to live up to these internalised ideals (Han, 2015, p. 9).

Capitalism and the Demand for Productivity

In capitalist societies, productivity often serves as a measure of personal worth. We are conditioned to believe that our value lies in our output—what we can create, achieve, or produce. Capitalism, at its core, perpetuates a cycle where success is equated with constant productivity and unceasing self-sacrifice. Jonathan Malesic (2022) suggests that this drive towards productivity is not simply a personal preference but a cultural imperative that transforms work into a source of identity and worth. This “achievement culture” can make stepping back feel almost impossible, as rest and relaxation may appear as a failure to meet societal expectations.

In therapy, many clients share feelings of guilt and self-criticism when they consider slowing down, often citing fears of being seen as “unproductive” or “lazy.” For trans+ and queer individuals, who may face additional economic and social barriers, these pressures can be even more pronounced. The compulsion to “prove” one’s worth within capitalist structures often places individuals in a double bind: they must strive to meet societal standards while simultaneously managing the additional weight of systemic oppression.

Capitalism’s emphasis on competition and self-sufficiency also feeds into this burnout cycle by framing personal worth solely in economic terms. Rather than fostering environments that encourage collective well-being, capitalism drives individuals to work harder, often in isolation, to maintain or advance their status. This cycle of productivity, pressure, and performance is relentless, and over time, it erodes our capacity for rest, connection, and even self-compassion.

Individualism and the Myth of Self-Reliance

Another key factor underlying burnout is society’s emphasis on individualism and self-reliance. In many Western societies, independence and self-sufficiency are regarded as virtues, shaping the way people think about success and resilience. Yet, this focus on individual responsibility often isolates people by implying that any failure to cope with stress is a personal shortcoming. In Daring Greatly, Brené Brown (2012) argues that this culture of individualism makes people hesitant to seek support or admit vulnerability, as it risks undermining their perceived strength and self-reliance.

For clients, especially those from marginalized communities, this cultural emphasis on independence can intensify feelings of isolation and self-blame. Trans+ and queer neighbours, for example, may already feel a lack of systemic support due to discrimination and may further internalize the belief that they must “figure it out on their own.” This expectation not only exacerbates the risk of burnout but also makes individuals less likely to seek help when they need it most. Without supportive systems in place, the pressures of self-reliance can make burnout feel even more overwhelming.

The myth of self-reliance is particularly harmful because it ignores the role of social and community-based support in fostering resilience. Instead of promoting interdependence, society encourages individuals to bear their burdens alone, overlooking the power of shared responsibility and collective care. In practice, this means that many people reach their breaking points before they feel “allowed” to ask for help. This focus on independence, rather than community, shifts the weight of managing burnout onto individuals, making them solely responsible for surviving in a system designed to drain them.

Disconnect from Meaningful Values

Another critical element in the rise of burnout is the growing disconnect from meaningful values and community-based identities. Johann Hari (2017) argues that as society has become more driven by material success, it has increasingly moved away from values that give life deeper meaning—such as connection, purpose, and compassion. Hari points out that when individuals are disconnected from meaningful work and community, they experience higher levels of stress and emotional exhaustion. This sense of disconnection from what truly matters fuels burnout by creating a persistent feeling of emptiness and dissatisfaction.

In therapy, clients often express a longing for a more fulfilling life, but they struggle to find meaning within a culture that prioritizes financial gain and achievement over relational bonds. For many, this disconnection manifests as a “hollow” feeling, as though they are moving through life on autopilot, fulfilling tasks but devoid of passion or purpose. Trans+ and queer neighbours, in particular, may feel further distanced from mainstream values that do not reflect or affirm their identities and lived experiences. This disconnect can lead to feelings of alienation and fatigue, making it difficult to find joy or purpose within their daily lives.

In contrast, meaningful work and community engagement can serve as powerful antidotes to burnout. Work that aligns with one’s values offers not only a source of income but also a sense of purpose and satisfaction. For many trans+ and queer neighbours, meaningful work may include advocacy, artistic expression, or community-based roles where their identities and experiences are affirmed and valued. Building connections to a supportive community can foster resilience, providing both practical support and emotional validation. This reconnection with meaningful work and relationships offers a pathway out of burnout, encouraging clients to redefine success on their own terms.

Bringing It All Together

Understanding the roots of burnout requires us to look beyond individual coping strategies and examine the cultural and structural forces that perpetuate it. Capitalism’s drive for endless productivity, the myth of self-reliance, and society’s disconnection from meaningful values each play significant roles in creating an environment where burnout is not just common but expected. In the next section, we will delve into how technology amplifies these pressures, turning the already challenging demands of modern life into a cycle of constant engagement and exhaustion.

The Role of Technology and the Attention Economy

In today’s hyper-connected world, technology is often both a tool for convenience and a source of relentless pressure. Our phones, tablets, and computers make it easy to stay in touch and informed, but they also blur the line between work and personal life. For many, especially those engaged in demanding careers or living in metropolitan areas, technology perpetuates a state of being perpetually “on call.” This expectation of constant availability fuels burnout, and it’s part of a larger system known as the attention economy—a system in which technology platforms profit by keeping us engaged, often at the expense of our mental well-being. In this context, setting boundaries with technology can become an act of resistance, a way of reclaiming our time and focus.

Han’s concept of a “society of positivity” also speaks to the impact of technology on modern burnout. He argues that today’s technology-driven multitasking fragments our attention, making us more vigilant and reactive, similar to animals in a state of survival (Han, 2015, p. 12). This scattered focus leaves little room for deep contemplation or mental rest, creating a “hyperactive” society where people are constantly stimulated yet exhausted. As individuals are locked into the cycles of the attention economy, they are encouraged to consume more information, be available around the clock, and produce endlessly, ultimately leading to burnout. Technology platforms, profiting from constant engagement, thus contribute to a distracted and mentally exhausted culture (Han, 2015, p. 13).

Tech-Driven Productivity and Burnout

The rise of digital connectivity has transformed how we work and live, making us accessible at all hours of the day. This shift is particularly evident in professional settings, where constant connectivity can make employees feel tethered to their jobs. Anne Helen Petersen (2020) discusses how this state of “always on” leaves little room for rest, making people feel guilty for not responding immediately to emails or notifications. In this digital landscape, the workday is no longer confined to specific hours but instead permeates every moment, turning personal time into potential “productivity” time.

For trans+ and queer neighbours, who may already navigate additional stressors related to their identities, the pressure to remain connected at all times compounds their vulnerability to burnout. Technology, intended to facilitate communication and improve work efficiency, often becomes a tool of self-exploitation. Many clients report feeling a sense of “duty” to respond quickly or to be available for work outside of traditional hours, fearing they will fall behind or be perceived as uncommitted. This dynamic can be especially challenging for those who work in freelance or contract-based roles, where professional boundaries are often less defined and the pressure to remain visible and responsive can feel essential for survival.

This expectation of perpetual connectivity reinforces the notion that rest is a privilege, not a necessity. As therapists, we can support clients in challenging this narrative, encouraging them to view rest and offline time as essential components of their well-being. Setting digital boundaries is not a sign of laziness or lack of dedication; rather, it’s a way of protecting one’s mental and emotional health in a culture that equates availability with worth.

The Attention Economy: Profiting from Distraction

Beyond professional demands, the attention economy plays a significant role in keeping individuals engaged with technology in ways that contribute to burnout. The term “attention economy” refers to the monetization of human attention—where platforms such as social media and news sites profit by capturing and holding our focus. Jenny Odell (2019) argues that these platforms are designed to keep users engaged as long as possible, not by necessity but by design, which often leads to cycles of distraction and mental exhaustion.

Social media platforms, for example, operate on algorithms that prioritize content likely to generate reactions, encouraging users to return frequently and scroll endlessly. This mechanism is profitable because each interaction and each moment spent online is valuable to advertisers. Yet, for users, this cycle is draining, fuelling a sense of FOMO (fear of missing out) and creating a compulsive need to stay connected. For many trans+ and queer individuals, social media is a double-edged sword; while it can provide a vital sense of community and affirmation, it can also perpetuate burnout by creating constant comparison, self-monitoring, and the pressure to present oneself in specific, “acceptable” ways.

The impact of the attention economy is particularly insidious because it co-opts individuals’ natural need for connection and validation, turning them into commodities for profit. In this way, the attention economy manipulates users, encouraging them to give away their focus, time, and, ultimately, their well-being. In therapy, helping clients recognise these dynamics can empower them to resist the lure of constant connectivity, allowing them to use technology more intentionally rather than letting it dictate their attention and energy.

Setting Boundaries as Resistance

Setting boundaries with technology is not only an act of self-care; it’s a form of resistance in a world that demands constant engagement. adrienne maree brown (2019) speaks to the importance of reclaiming our autonomy from systems that perpetuate burnout, highlighting the necessity of setting intentional limits with technology to protect our mental health. In Pleasure Activism, brown advocates for “intentional offline time” as a way of reconnecting with ourselves, our communities, and our natural rhythms—a practice that is increasingly radical in a culture dominated by digital demands.

For trans+, queer, and marginalised or systemically-oppressed neighbours, setting boundaries with technology can be a transformative practice. It offers a way to reconnect with one’s identity outside the context of a pressured online world, where identity is often commodified or scrutinized. This might involve intentionally scheduling offline time each day, setting limits on app usage, or creating “phone-free” zones within the home. These small acts of disconnection can help individuals preserve their energy, protect their focus, and engage with the world on their own terms.

In therapeutic settings, supporting clients in developing strategies for intentional digital boundaries can be immensely empowering. Clients may feel guilt or discomfort at first, especially if they fear missing out or worry about being unavailable. However, by framing boundary-setting as a necessary act of self-preservation, therapists can help clients see it as a protective measure rather than a failure to “keep up.” Encouraging clients to view this boundary-setting as a radical act—one that prioritises their well-being over societal demands—can be especially meaningful, helping them reclaim autonomy over their time and mental space.

Bridging the Disconnect

While technology undoubtedly offers convenience and connectivity, it also fuels burnout by fostering a culture of overwork and distraction. The pressure to remain constantly engaged not only diminishes personal boundaries but also aligns with capitalist ideals that equate productivity and availability with worth. Understanding the role of the attention economy reveals how systemic this issue is, underscoring the need for intentional resistance in the form of digital boundaries. By recognising these forces, clients and therapists alike can take steps to use technology on their own terms, fostering healthier relationships with digital spaces.

In the next section, we’ll explore how burnout goes beyond work and technology, delving into its deeper impact on the mind, body, and overall well-being. From chronic stress to trauma-like symptoms, burnout often leaves lasting effects that go unnoticed and untreated.

The Physical and Psychological Toll of Burnout

Burnout is not merely a matter of feeling “stressed out” or tired; it’s a state of profound physical and psychological depletion. When prolonged, it can impact every aspect of a person’s life, from their ability to concentrate and make decisions to their physical health and sense of self-worth. For many, burnout mirrors the effects of trauma, creating symptoms that can endure long after the immediate stress has passed. In this section, we’ll explore the neurological, psychological, and emotional toll of burnout, and the essential role of pleasure and rest in recovery.

Han’s notion of “I-tiredness” offers a lens to understand burnout’s trauma-like impacts. Unlike the fatigue that comes from traditional overwork, this form of exhaustion is self-directed and isolating. In an achievement society, individuals internalise the pressures of productivity and are often left feeling depleted by their own relentless drive to perform. This type of burnout creates a world where, as Han (2015) describes, “the ego overheats” and individuals experience a loss of connection to others and a profound sense of isolation, a state he terms “I-tiredness” (p. 15). This perspective highlights burnout as not just physical depletion but a deep existential weariness, emphasising the need for rest, connection, and a return to meaningful engagemen

Neurological Impact of Chronic Stress

Prolonged stress, as seen in chronic burnout, can significantly alter brain function, affecting areas related to memory, focus, and emotional regulation. Studies have shown that burnout can lead to cognitive symptoms like difficulty concentrating, impaired memory, and mental fatigue, which may resemble symptoms associated with an ADHD neurotype (Parker, Tavella, & Eyers, 2023). This overlap in symptoms is important because it reveals how stress can mimic other neurological conditions, underscoring the need for careful assessment and support for those experiencing burnout.

In therapy, clients often describe feeling “scatterbrained” or unable to focus, which can add to feelings of frustration and inadequacy. Trans+ and queer clients, in particular, may experience these cognitive challenges within the broader context of societal pressures and discrimination, making burnout not only a personal but also a collective experience. For clients navigating these intersections, therapeutic strategies that focus on managing cognitive symptoms—such as mindfulness, grounding exercises, and executive functioning skills—can offer relief, helping them reclaim focus and stability in a world that often feels overwhelming.

The brain’s stress response, while adaptive in short bursts, becomes problematic when triggered continuously over extended periods. The amygdala, responsible for detecting threats, becomes overactive, while areas like the prefrontal cortex—key to planning, decision-making, and emotional regulation—may begin to function less efficiently. This neurological impact of burnout is not just a reaction to an over-busy schedule; it’s a sign that chronic stress is reshaping the brain, often in ways that mirror trauma responses.

Burnout as a Form of Trauma

Bessel van der Kolk’s work on trauma provides valuable insights into how chronic burnout can produce trauma-like symptoms that affect both the mind and body. In The Body Keeps the Score, van der Kolk (2014) highlights how trauma leaves lasting imprints, or “somatic memories,” within the body and brain. These memories may manifest as chronic fatigue, heightened sensitivity to stress, emotional numbness, or an inability to experience pleasure. When burnout reaches severe levels, it can trigger similar responses, where the body reacts to ongoing stress as if it were a traumatic event.

For many individuals, particularly those from marginalised communities, burnout can feel like a trauma response, an ongoing struggle to navigate a world that constantly demands more than they have the capacity to give. This is especially relevant for trans+ and queer clients who may face additional layers of trauma from discrimination, marginalisation, and systemic oppression. The interplay of burnout and trauma for these clients highlights the importance of creating a therapeutic space where they feel seen, validated, and supported in exploring these overlapping challenges.

Burnout, like trauma, often prompts the body to enter survival mode, leading to responses like dissociation or emotional detachment. Clients may find themselves feeling “numb” or detached from both their bodies and their emotional experiences, as the mind and body attempt to protect themselves from further harm. In these cases, burnout can be more than just exhaustion; it can be a signal that the nervous system is overwhelmed and requires rest and regulation to return to a balanced state. Therapy can support clients in gradually reconnecting with their bodies and emotions, using trauma-informed techniques such as somatic experiencing, body-based mindfulness, or gentle movement practices to restore a sense of safety and self-awareness.

Disconnection from Pleasure and Rest

adrienne maree brown (2019) offers an essential counterpoint to the cycles of stress and burnout with her advocacy for pleasure and rest as forms of resistance and self-care. In Pleasure Activism, brown underscores the importance of pleasure as a necessary part of life, not just an indulgence. For many, burnout results from a disconnection from joy and leisure, as society values productivity over personal well-being. However, brown argues that reconnecting with pleasure—whether through creative expression, play, or sensory experiences—can serve as a radical act of self-preservation in a world that often equates worth with work.

For queer and trans+ clients, the concept of pleasure activism can be particularly transformative. Pleasure and relaxation are often dismissed as “frivolous” in a productivity-driven culture, but for those facing marginalisation, pleasure is a vital way to reclaim one’s body, mind, and autonomy. Practising intentional rest and seeking joy amidst the demands of daily life can empower clients to resist burnout culture. Encouraging clients to explore activities that bring them happiness, without guilt or judgement, can help restore their sense of self-worth and counterbalance the toll of burnout.

Pleasure and rest are not merely antidotes to burnout; they’re fundamental to resilience. In therapeutic practice, these elements can be incorporated through a variety of means, such as scheduling regular “pleasure breaks” or helping clients cultivate rituals that ground them in moments of calm and joy. For instance, guiding clients to create a self-care practice that includes art, nature, or music allows them to engage in restorative activities that counteract the impact of chronic stress. When clients learn to prioritise pleasure and rest, they build resilience against the pressures of burnout, reinforcing that their value is intrinsic and not solely tied to their productivity.

Integrating Rest and Resilience

Understanding burnout’s impact on the mind and body deepens our empathy for those affected and highlights the need for comprehensive, compassionate support. Burnout, like trauma, disrupts one’s sense of self and connection to others, yet it also offers a unique opportunity for recovery and growth through practices centred on rest and pleasure. By recognising burnout as a multifaceted experience with both psychological and physiological dimensions, therapists can offer clients tailored support that meets them where they are, helping them heal from burnout’s effects on the brain, body, and spirit.

In the next section, we’ll explore the limitations of individual solutions to burnout and the importance of collective approaches, which foster interdependence and community support as antidotes to a culture of self-reliance and isolation.

Mental Health, Trauma, and Burnout

Burnout is not only a form of exhaustion; it can also mirror the experience of trauma, affecting individuals in ways that go beyond simple fatigue. For many, especially those from marginalised communities, burnout creates responses that closely resemble trauma, including emotional numbing and a sense of disconnection from self and others. Understanding burnout through a trauma-informed lens reveals both its depth and the kinds of support needed for recovery. Healing from burnout, like healing from trauma, often requires a re-establishment of connection—to oneself, to nature, and to a supportive community.

Burnout’s Overlap with Trauma Responses

Bessel van der Kolk’s work on trauma provides insight into how burnout can manifest similarly to trauma responses. In The Body Keeps the Score, van der Kolk (2014) describes trauma as an experience that overwhelms the nervous system, leaving a lasting imprint on both mind and body. Burnout, particularly when prolonged, can have a comparable effect, leading individuals to adopt coping mechanisms like emotional numbness, dissociation, or withdrawal. This is especially relevant for individuals who have experienced systemic oppression, as they may face burnout not only from work but also from ongoing discrimination and marginalisation.

For many clients, burnout creates a sense of detachment from their emotions, as though they are observing life from a distance rather than fully participating in it. This dissociation is a protective response, allowing the mind to cope with feelings of overwhelm by “shutting down.” While it may help individuals navigate stressful environments temporarily, long-term dissociation can lead to a deeper sense of isolation and numbness. In therapy, a trauma-informed approach can help clients understand and gradually reconnect with their emotions, using grounding and mindfulness techniques to foster a sense of safety within their bodies.

For trans+ and queer clients who may experience discrimination in both professional and personal spheres, burnout as a trauma response is particularly complex. Their experiences are often marked by repeated exposures to stressors, from microaggressions to overt discrimination. This layered stress can make burnout feel like an inevitable part of life, reinforcing feelings of exhaustion and detachment. Therapy can provide a compassionate space to explore these responses, helping clients understand that their reactions are not signs of weakness but adaptive responses to chronic stress.

Reconnecting with Nature and Community

One powerful antidote to burnout is reconnecting with nature and community—two sources of resilience that are often overlooked in a society focused on individual achievement. Johann Hari (2017) explores how modern society’s disconnection from nature contributes to poor mental health, positing that time spent in natural environments can significantly alleviate stress and enhance well-being. Nature offers a reprieve from the demands of the attention economy, encouraging people to slow down, breathe, and become present in their surroundings. For clients experiencing burnout, time in nature can provide a restorative experience that grounds them in the here and now, fostering a sense of peace and perspective.

Community, too, is an essential component of resilience. Hari (2017) emphasizes that human beings are inherently social creatures, designed to live in interdependent networks rather than in isolation. However, the focus on self-reliance in modern society has eroded these connections, making people feel as though they must cope with their struggles alone. For trans+ and queer individuals, who may feel disconnected from mainstream society, finding community is particularly vital. Safe spaces—whether online or in person—where they can be affirmed, seen, and understood can serve as a protective buffer against burnout.

In therapy, encouraging clients to incorporate time in nature and to seek out supportive community networks can be an invaluable part of their healing journey. Practitioners might suggest clients engage in outdoor activities, such as hiking or gardening, or join community groups aligned with their interests and identities. These practices support mental health by grounding individuals in their environment and relationships, reminding them that they are part of something larger than themselves. In a society that often drives people to isolation, both nature and community offer avenues for reconnection and resilience.

Collective Healing as a Solution

adrienne maree brown (2019) expands on the power of communal healing, asserting that resilience is not just an individual endeavour but a collective practice. In Pleasure Activism, brown highlights the importance of shared support in mitigating burnout, especially within marginalised communities. Collective healing involves creating spaces where individuals can come together to share experiences, resources, and mutual care. Rather than approaching healing as a solitary pursuit, brown advocates for interdependence, where healing is both given and received within a community.

For trans+, queer, and marginalised or systemically-oppressed neighbours, collective healing can counteract the isolating effects of burnout, offering a reminder that they do not have to bear their burdens alone. In therapy, discussing the concept of collective resilience can encourage clients to seek or strengthen connections with communities that affirm and support their identities. This might involve participating in group therapy, attending LGBTQ+ support groups, or finding community within activist or art spaces. These shared spaces can be transformative, providing individuals with a sense of belonging and validation that counters the isolation inherent in burnout.

Collective healing also emphasizes the need for systemic change. While individual strategies like self-care are valuable, brown argues that sustainable healing requires dismantling the systems that perpetuate burnout. This perspective is especially relevant for therapists working within an anti-oppressive framework, as it reminds us to address not only individual symptoms but also the societal structures that create and exacerbate stress for marginalised clients. By fostering awareness of these systemic factors, therapists can empower clients to see their struggles as part of a broader context, encouraging both personal and communal healing.

Reframing Resilience as a Shared Practice

Burnout, trauma, and isolation often go hand-in-hand, particularly in a society that prioritizes productivity over well-being and self-sufficiency over connection. By understanding burnout as both an individual and collective experience, we can foster a more holistic approach to healing that honours our interconnectedness. Reconnecting with nature, seeking support from affirming communities, and embracing collective healing practices are powerful steps toward resilience, offering pathways to recovery that transcend self-reliance. In the next section, we’ll explore how sustainable healing requires a shift from individual fixes to collective action, challenging burnout culture with communal resilience and shared responsibility.

Beyond Individual Solutions: A Collective Approach

In recent years, the rise of self-help strategies and wellness practices has led many to believe that burnout can be solved by focusing inward. From meditation to gratitude journaling, the self-care industry offers countless tools to support mental health. While these practices can be beneficial, they often place the responsibility for managing burnout solely on the individual, ignoring the larger societal structures that perpetuate it. Burnout is not just a personal problem; it’s a symptom of a society that prioritises productivity over well-being, individual achievement over community support, and profit over people. Tackling burnout requires not only self-care but also collective action and a re-evaluation of our values.

Limitations of Self-Help for Burnout

The emphasis on self-help to manage burnout often misses the bigger picture. Jonathan Malesic (2022) argues that while self-care strategies like mindfulness, exercise, and sleep hygiene may help individuals manage symptoms, they do little to address the root causes of burnout, which are embedded in societal structures. These strategies place the responsibility of healing on individuals without acknowledging the ways in which workplace cultures, economic pressures, and social expectations contribute to exhaustion and disconnection. In short, self-help can provide a temporary balm, but it is not a cure for a systemic problem.

For many clients, especially those from marginalised backgrounds, the limits of self-care become clear when they continue to feel overwhelmed despite their best efforts. Self-help strategies might relieve symptoms temporarily, but without addressing the broader context, the cycle of burnout often persists. As a therapist, it’s important to support clients in recognising that their exhaustion is not simply a failure of personal resilience but a reflection of broader forces that shape their lives. By framing burnout as a systemic issue, therapists can validate clients’ experiences and alleviate the self-blame that often accompanies burnout.

Community and Connection as Antidotes

One of the most powerful ways to counteract burnout is through connection with others. Johann Hari (2017) argues that human beings are inherently social creatures and that meaningful relationships are essential for mental well-being. When individuals are disconnected from their communities, they are more vulnerable to feelings of isolation, loneliness, and burnout. Hari suggests that rebuilding connections—with friends, family, and even strangers—can help alleviate the emotional toll of burnout, providing individuals with a sense of belonging and shared support.

In therapy, encouraging clients to reconnect with others can be an important part of their healing journey. For some, this might involve reaching out to friends they have lost touch with, joining community groups, or participating in volunteer activities that foster a sense of purpose and connection. For trans+ and queer clients, who may feel alienated from mainstream society, finding community within LGBTQ+ spaces can be particularly restorative. These affirming environments offer a sense of validation and support that counteracts the isolation often experienced in daily life.

The concept of community as a source of resilience also aligns with the anti-oppressive framework, which recognises that individuals are shaped by their social environments. For those who have been marginalised, community connection is not only a source of personal support but also a form of resistance against oppressive systems. By building strong networks, marginalised individuals create spaces where they can be seen, heard, and supported, fostering resilience against the burnout that can arise from navigating discriminatory systems.

Radical Self-Care as Resistance

adrienne maree brown (2019) introduces the concept of “radical self-care” as a means of challenging societal norms that perpetuate burnout. In Pleasure Activism, brown argues that reclaiming joy and pleasure is a form of resistance in a culture that equates worth with productivity. Rather than viewing self-care as an individualistic escape from stress, brown reframes it as a radical act that asserts one’s right to rest, pleasure, and autonomy. For trans+, queer, and marginalised or systemically-oppressed neighbours, this perspective is especially powerful, as it encourages them to prioritise their well-being in a society that often devalues their lives.

Radical self-care involves setting boundaries with technology, work, and social obligations, as well as cultivating practices that foster joy and connection. In therapy, this might mean helping clients identify activities that bring them pleasure—whether it’s creating art, spending time in nature, or practising mindfulness—and encouraging them to integrate these into their routines as acts of resistance. For clients who may feel that prioritising pleasure is “selfish” or “unproductive,” discussing the concept of radical self-care can be a transformative experience, helping them view joy and rest as essential parts of a healthy life.

This approach is especially relevant in an anti-oppressive framework, as it challenges systems that commodify human labour and demands productivity at the expense of personal well-being. By embracing pleasure and self-care, individuals reclaim their autonomy and resist the pressures of burnout culture. In therapy, supporting clients in these practices affirms their worth beyond productivity, reinforcing that their value is inherent and not contingent on what they can produce or achieve.

Building a Culture of Collective Care

Addressing burnout requires more than individual solutions; it calls for a shift in how society views success, productivity, and connection. As therapists, we can advocate for a culture of collective care, where support systems are strengthened, and interdependence is celebrated rather than discouraged. This shift involves challenging the structures that perpetuate burnout—whether through promoting supportive workplace policies, advocating for community resources, or fostering spaces that prioritise well-being over productivity.

In therapeutic practice, discussing collective care can empower clients to seek and build communities that align with their values. By encouraging clients to connect with others and engage in shared practices of care, we help them recognise that healing and resilience are not solitary pursuits but shared efforts. This collective approach fosters resilience against burnout by reinforcing that individuals are not alone in their experiences and that their well-being is valued within their communities.

Reclaiming Burnout as a Call for Change

Moving beyond individual solutions to burnout means reframing it as a societal issue that demands collective action. While self-care and personal boundaries are essential, they are not enough to counter the systemic pressures that drive burnout. By embracing community, connection, and radical self-care, individuals and communities can reclaim burnout as a call for structural change—a reminder that resilience is found not in isolation but in the support of others.

In the next section, we’ll explore how reimagining work and success can pave the way for a more sustainable, fulfilling life that honours both individual and collective well-being.

Reimagining Work and Value in Society

The way society defines success and self-worth is deeply rooted in productivity, often placing work at the core of one’s identity. This approach has led to a culture where burnout is inevitable, and rest is seen as indulgent rather than essential. To address burnout at its roots, we must challenge the cultural norms that equate personal value with professional achievement. Reimagining work means shifting toward a balanced life where rest, joy, and well-being are given as much importance as productivity, paving the way for a more sustainable and fulfilling relationship with work.

Decoupling Identity from Work

In a society that celebrates productivity, many individuals come to define themselves primarily by their jobs. Jonathan Malesic (2022) argues that tying identity to work not only limits personal growth but also sets people up for inevitable burnout. When work becomes the main source of self-worth, any challenges or failures within one’s job can feel deeply personal, undermining one’s sense of self. This attachment can be particularly detrimental for those in precarious jobs or freelance roles, where job security and identity are often in flux.

For clients navigating burnout, therapy can provide a space to explore their identity beyond their professional achievements. Many individuals—especially those in marginalised communities—are pressured to prove their worth in work environments that may not fully affirm their identities. For trans+ and queer clients, who often encounter discriminatory or invalidating work settings, the pressure to “succeed” professionally while remaining true to oneself can be exhausting. Helping clients decouple their sense of self from their work can be a liberating experience, allowing them to recognise their worth as inherent, not dependent on their productivity or career success.

Malesic’s perspective challenges the dominant cultural narrative that “we are what we do.” Therapy can support clients in exploring interests, values, and passions outside of their jobs, reinforcing that identity is multifaceted. By affirming that who they are extends beyond what they produce, clients can begin to resist burnout culture and develop a more balanced self-concept.

Embracing Rest and Joy as Essential

adrienne maree brown (2019) provides a refreshing counterpoint to the culture of productivity through her concept of “pleasure activism,” which encourages individuals to prioritise joy, rest, and self-expression. Rather than viewing rest and pleasure as secondary to work, brown argues that these elements are essential to a fulfilling life. In a world that glorifies hustle, embracing rest and joy becomes an act of resistance—a way of reclaiming one’s life from the demands of constant productivity.

For clients experiencing burnout, reconnecting with joy and self-expression can be transformative. Many describe feeling disconnected from what brings them pleasure, as though their lives are consumed by obligations and tasks. Therapy can help clients rediscover activities that nourish their souls, whether it’s engaging in creative projects, spending time in nature, or simply allowing themselves moments of stillness. This practice of prioritising pleasure aligns with an anti-oppressive framework, as it challenges the societal structures that place productivity above well-being, especially for marginalised individuals whose joy is often overlooked or devalued.

Integrating pleasure and rest into daily life does not mean neglecting responsibilities; it means recognising that life’s value lies beyond the demands of work. By encouraging clients to embrace activities that bring them joy, therapists can help them build resilience against burnout, reinforcing that pleasure is not a reward for productivity but a necessary part of a balanced life. Brown’s concept of pleasure activism serves as a reminder that joy and rest are vital components of healing, well-being, and self-worth.

A Sustainable Future of Work

Reimagining work for a sustainable future involves challenging the values of “hustle culture,” where relentless productivity is seen as the path to success. Anne Helen Petersen (2020) critiques this culture, noting how it drives people to sacrifice their health, relationships, and personal interests in the name of achievement. Burnout becomes almost inevitable in such a framework, as individuals are conditioned to view any moment of rest as wasted time. To create a healthier relationship with work, we need a cultural shift that values balance, satisfaction, and well-being over perpetual productivity.

Johann Hari (2017) advocates for a return to meaningful work—work that aligns with one’s values and provides a sense of purpose beyond financial gain. This perspective suggests that work should not consume every waking moment but instead be one of many aspects of life that contributes to a sense of fulfilment. For clients, particularly those who feel trapped in jobs that do not align with their values, exploring ways to find meaning outside of traditional work structures can be empowering. In therapy, clients might explore ways to reshape their relationship with work, setting boundaries that protect their time and energy or even seeking opportunities in fields that offer a sense of purpose and connection.

Therapists can encourage clients to reflect on what they truly value, helping them identify aspects of their lives that contribute to a sense of fulfilment outside of work. By reframing success to include balance and well-being, clients can begin to see rest and joy as integral parts of a meaningful life, not as luxuries to be earned. Building this new vision of work can involve redefining professional success to prioritise flexibility, community, and personal satisfaction. For trans+ and queer clients, who may face additional barriers to conventional career paths, a sustainable approach to work can also include creative or alternative career options that better support their identities and values.

Creating a Balanced and Fulfilling Life

Reimagining work and redefining success is not only about individual choices; it’s a cultural call to challenge the structures that equate worth with productivity. A sustainable approach to work values rest, connection, and joy as essential components of life, resisting the notion that one’s value is defined by output. By decoupling identity from work, embracing pleasure as a necessity, and advocating for meaningful and balanced work, we can move toward a society that values well-being over burnout.

In therapy, these ideas can help clients build lives that honour their intrinsic worth and personal fulfilment. A sustainable approach to work and value isn’t merely about avoiding burnout; it’s about creating a world where each individual has the space to thrive, with their worth defined by their unique contributions to a balanced and vibrant community.

In the final section, we’ll summarise these insights and discuss how clients and therapists alike can embrace collective change, transforming burnout culture into one that supports resilience, connection, and holistic well-being.

Conclusion: Moving Beyond Burnout Culture

Burnout is not just a personal issue; it is a collective experience rooted in the societal structures and values that prioritize productivity, individualism, and profit over well-being and connection. As we have explored, the relentless demands of capitalism, the myth of self-reliance, and the omnipresence of technology all contribute to a culture that drives us to the brink of exhaustion. Burnout can mirror trauma, impacting both mind and body, and its effects reach far beyond the workplace, touching every part of our lives. But the answer is not found solely in self-care strategies. To address burnout meaningfully, we must look at the bigger picture and acknowledge the need for a cultural shift that values rest, community, and joy.

A Call to Action

As we conclude, I invite you to reflect on your own relationship with work, technology, and productivity. Ask yourself: Are these aspects of my life aligned with my values, or am I sacrificing my well-being to meet societal expectations? Consider how you might establish personal boundaries that protect your time and energy, not as a sign of “laziness” or “lack of commitment” but as acts of self-respect and self-preservation.

However, burnout is not something we can solve in isolation. Lasting change requires us to come together, fostering communities that support well-being and challenging the structures that perpetuate exhaustion. Imagine a world where rest is honoured, where individuals are valued for who they are rather than what they produce, and where success is defined by connection, health, and fulfilment rather than profit or endless productivity.

Reframing Success

In a culture obsessed with productivity, it may seem radical to prioritise health, connection, and joy over relentless achievement. But reimagining success in this way is essential if we are to move beyond burnout. Success need not be synonymous with exhaustion; it can mean living a life that honours our intrinsic worth, nourishes our relationships, and celebrates our well-being. Embracing this vision requires courage, but it also brings the promise of a future where burnout is not the norm, and life is lived fully, with intention and balance.

Let’s create a world where resilience is built through community, where joy is seen as a form of resistance, and where each of us is empowered to live a life that prioritises well-being over relentless productivity. By choosing to redefine success, we take a step toward a society that values each person’s unique contributions and intrinsic worth. Together, we can move beyond burnout and embrace a life that is rich with health, connection, and joy.

Continue the Convo

If the ideas in this blog resonate with you, I warmly invite you to connect with me or with Audrey Wolfe, RCC. Whether you’re a therapist seeking insights on supporting clients through burnout, or someone personally navigating the challenges of burnout and looking for support, we are here to help. Together, we bring a compassionate, inclusive, and affirming approach to online therapy, specifically tailored to support trans+, queer, and LGBTQIA-allied neighbours in finding balance and resilience in today’s demanding world.

You may book individual therapy sessions or peer consultations online, and we look forward to supporting you on your journey. Be sure to bookmark this blog for future insights, reflections, and updates as we continue to explore topics that promote well-being, connection, and joy.

References

Brown, A. M. (2019). Pleasure activism: The politics of feeling good. AK Press.

Han, B.-C. (2015). The burnout society (E. Butler, Trans.). Stanford University Press.

Hari, J. (2017). Lost connections: Uncovering the real causes of depression—and the unexpected solutions. Bloomsbury.

Malesic, J. (2022). The end of burnout: Why work drains us and how to build better lives. University of California Press.

Odell, J. (2019). How to do nothing: Resisting the attention economy. Melville House.

Parker, G., Tavella, G., & Eyers, K. (2023). Burnout: A guide to identifying burnout and pathways to recovery. Allen & Unwin.

Petersen, A. H. (2020). Can’t even: How millennials became the burnout generation. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Penguin Books.