Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Compassionate Approach

What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often understood as a pattern of distressing thoughts (obsessions) and the actions or mental rituals (compulsions) that someone feels compelled to perform to alleviate or neutralize the anxiety these thoughts produce. At its core, OCD is not simply about an inclination for neatness or certain “quirky” habits—it is an experience rooted in the mind’s attempts to manage deep-seated anxiety, uncertainty, and discomfort.

A Non-Pathologizing Perspective

Instead of viewing OCD purely through a lens of pathology or “something wrong” with an individual, it’s important to consider it as a complex interplay between the brain, mind, and environment. From this perspective:

• OCD as a Coping Strategy: Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors can be seen as attempts to cope with overwhelming feelings, thoughts, or fears. For instance, if someone has a deep fear of causing harm, their repetitive checking or reassurance-seeking behaviors might be a way to navigate that fear, providing temporary relief from the anxiety.
• OCD as an Adaptive Mechanism Gone Awry: Some theorists suggest that OCD might represent a heightened version of adaptive human traits. For example, attention to detail, concern for safety, or the desire for cleanliness can be useful traits for survival. However, in OCD, these traits become exaggerated and rigid, leading to dysfunction.
• OCD as a Relationship with Uncertainty: From this perspective, OCD reflects a person’s relationship with uncertainty and ambiguity. In a world that often feels uncontrollable, OCD can be viewed as an individual’s extreme and persistent attempt to create a sense of order, predictability, and safety.
• OCD as a Neurodevelopmental Phenomenon: Recent approaches highlight OCD as a neurodevelopmental phenomenon where certain circuits in the brain are overly engaged. This idea moves away from “mental illness” and towards understanding OCD as a variation in how some brains process anxiety and uncertainty.

Origins and Contributing Factors

The origins of OCD are multifaceted and involve a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Here is a breakdown of the most influential factors contributing to the development of OCD:

Biological Origins of OCD

Research has consistently pointed to a biological basis for OCD. Functional neuroanatomy studies have identified specific brain regions that show altered activity patterns in individuals with OCD. For example:

• Brain Circuitry: OCD involves a hyperactive loop between the orbital frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), globus pallidus, and thalamus. This circuit is thought to regulate behaviors related to error detection, decision-making, and habit formation. When this loop is overactive, it may lead to persistent feelings of “something being wrong” or incomplete, which fuels obsessions and compulsions .
• Neurotransmitter Imbalance: Imbalances in neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin, have been linked to OCD. Medications that enhance serotonin transmission, such as SSRIs, often provide symptom relief, suggesting that serotonergic dysregulation plays a significant role in OCD symptoms.
• Genetic Influences: Twin and family studies have shown a heritable component to OCD, meaning that genetics can increase one’s vulnerability to developing the disorder. However, a genetic predisposition does not mean that someone will inevitably develop OCD; environmental and other factors interact with these genetic susceptibilities to influence outcomes .

Psychological Factors of OCD

• Cognitive Patterns and Beliefs: People with OCD often experience cognitive distortions, such as overestimating danger, excessive responsibility, and intolerance of uncertainty. These cognitive patterns can amplify anxiety and drive compulsive behaviors as attempts to neutralize or prevent perceived threats.
• Experiential Avoidance: Psychological models also highlight the role of experiential avoidance, where individuals try to avoid or escape uncomfortable internal experiences (e.g., thoughts, feelings). Compulsions are seen as strategies to avoid the distress associated with obsessions, albeit ineffective ones that often reinforce the cycle of OCD.
• The Role of Shame and Self-Criticism: For many, OCD is intertwined with feelings of shame and self-criticism, especially when the obsessions involve taboo themes like harm, sexuality, or blasphemy. Understanding OCD in terms of the relationship between shame and the self can help shift the narrative away from one of “mental illness” to one of “mental struggle.”

Environmental and Social Factors

• Trauma and Stressful Life Events: While OCD is not caused by a single traumatic event, stressors and traumatic experiences can trigger or exacerbate symptoms in those who are genetically predisposed or already struggling with anxiety.
• Cultural and Religious Contexts: Cultural and religious backgrounds can shape the content of obsessions and the form of compulsions. For instance, in highly religious contexts, OCD might manifest as scrupulosity, where the individual is preoccupied with thoughts of sin or moral imperfection. In other contexts, contamination or symmetry might be more prominent.
• Learned Behaviors and Family Dynamics: Family dynamics, particularly those involving anxiety and control, can contribute to the development or exacerbation of OCD. Overprotective or overly controlling family environments may inadvertently reinforce compulsive behaviors.

Moving Beyond Labels: Toward Understanding and Compassion

By defining OCD in these broader terms, we can begin to move away from a strictly pathologizing view that sees individuals as “disordered” or “broken.” Instead, we can see them as grappling with very human challenges: the need for certainty, safety, control, and meaning. These needs are universal; OCD is simply one way they manifest when combined with specific biological, psychological, and social factors.

Understanding OCD as a complex interplay of these factors can lead to more compassionate and individualized approaches to support and treatment. If you or someone you know is struggling with OCD, I encourage you to seek professional support. Therapy tailored to your specific needs can help you navigate these challenges and lead a fulfilling life.

Feel free to book a consultation or a session with my team here. Together, we can develop a supportive, non-judgmental plan that works for you.

Common Types of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is a heterogeneous condition that can manifest in various forms. While the core symptoms of obsessions and compulsions are present in all forms of OCD, the content and focus of these symptoms can differ significantly. Below are some of the most common types of OCD, each with unique themes, fears, and compulsions:

1. Doubting and Checking OCD

Characteristics: Doubting and checking OCD is characterized by persistent doubts about safety, security, or the accuracy of one’s actions. These doubts can lead to repetitive checking behaviors intended to prevent perceived harm or mistakes.

Common Obsessions:

•Fear of leaving doors unlocked or appliances on, which could lead to a break-in, fire, or other disasters.

•Doubts about whether a task (like sending an email) was done correctly.

•Fear of unintentionally harming someone (e.g., not locking a door and a burglar getting in).

Common Compulsions:

•Repeatedly checking locks, stoves, or other potential hazards.

•Verifying that an email or text message was sent correctly, often by reading it over multiple times.

•Seeking reassurance from others to confirm that everything is safe.

Impact on Daily Life: These compulsions can be time-consuming, taking hours out of the day. Individuals may feel they cannot leave their home until they have checked everything multiple times, leading to significant distress and interference with daily functioning.

Overlap with Other Conditions: Doubting and checking OCD may overlap with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), where excessive worry about various topics is also present, though without the ritualistic checking behaviors seen in OCD .

2. Contamination OCD

Characteristics: Contamination OCD involves an intense fear of germs, dirt, toxins, or other perceived contaminants. The obsession is often linked to a fear of becoming ill or causing harm to oneself or others through contamination.

Common Obsessions:

•Fear of germs, viruses, or other pathogens causing sickness or death.

•Fear of chemicals, radiation, or other environmental toxins.

•Worry about spreading contamination to others (e.g., touching a doorknob and then touching someone else).

Common Compulsions:

•Excessive hand-washing, showering, or cleaning.

•Avoiding places, people, or objects that could be “contaminated.”

•Repeatedly sanitizing objects like phones, doorknobs, and personal items.

Impact on Daily Life: The compulsive cleaning rituals can take up hours each day, and avoidance behaviors can severely restrict social interactions, travel, and other activities.

Overlap with Other Conditions: Contamination OCD often overlaps with Health Anxiety (Hypochondriasis), where the person is excessively worried about their health but without the ritualistic behaviors aimed at neutralizing contamination .

3. “Just Right” OCD (Symmetry and Ordering OCD)

Characteristics: “Just Right” OCD, also known as Symmetry or Ordering OCD, involves an overwhelming need for things to be arranged symmetrically or to be “just right.” The discomfort here is often not about a specific fear (like contamination) but rather an intolerable sense of “wrongness” or imbalance.

Common Obsessions:

•Feeling that objects are not perfectly aligned or symmetrical.

•Needing things to be arranged in a certain way (e.g., books on a shelf, items on a desk).

•An internal sense of discomfort if things are out of order.

Common Compulsions:

•Repeatedly arranging or aligning objects until they feel “right.”

•Counting or repeating actions (e.g., tapping, touching) until a sense of balance is achieved.

•Avoiding situations where objects may become misaligned or disordered.

Impact on Daily Life: The need for symmetry or “just right” feelings can lead to repetitive behaviors that consume significant time and energy, impairing daily activities and social interactions.

Overlap with Other Conditions: “Just Right” OCD can overlap with Perfectionism traits, where there is an intense need for things to be perfect, but without the repetitive, ritualistic compulsions seen in OCD .

4. Harm OCD

Characteristics: Harm OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) about causing harm to oneself or others. Unlike general fears, these thoughts are unwanted and cause significant distress because they are ego-dystonic (meaning they go against the person’s values and desires).

Common Obsessions:

•Fear of accidentally or intentionally harming a loved one (e.g., stabbing with a knife).

•Worries about causing a car accident or other tragic events.

•Intrusive thoughts about harming oneself, even if there is no desire to do so.

Common Compulsions:

•Avoiding knives, sharp objects, or situations that could be dangerous.

•Repeatedly checking or seeking reassurance from others that they haven’t harmed anyone.

•Mental rituals, such as praying or repeating specific phrases to “neutralize” the thoughts.

Impact on Daily Life: The constant vigilance to avoid potential harm and the mental anguish caused by these thoughts can significantly impair an individual’s quality of life.

Overlap with Other Conditions: Harm OCD may overlap with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) when there is a history of trauma involving harm, though PTSD typically involves flashbacks and hyperarousal rather than compulsive neutralizing behaviors .

5. Scrupulosity

Characteristics: Scrupulosity is a form of OCD where the obsessions revolve around moral or religious correctness. Individuals with scrupulosity are consumed by fears of sinning, blasphemy, or failing to live up to their moral or religious standards.

Common Obsessions:

•Fear of offending God or violating religious rules.

•Worry about committing immoral or unethical acts.

•Obsessive thoughts about moral purity or worthiness.

Common Compulsions:

•Excessive prayer, confession, or seeking reassurance from religious leaders.

•Avoiding situations or behaviors that could be seen as sinful or immoral.

•Repeating religious rituals or reading sacred texts excessively.

Impact on Daily Life: Scrupulosity can interfere significantly with religious practices, relationships, and everyday activities, as the compulsions are often time-consuming and distressing.

Overlap with Other Conditions: Scrupulosity often overlaps with Religious or Moral Anxiety, but it is differentiated by the presence of compulsive behaviors aimed at neutralizing these obsessions .

Overlap and Comorbidity in OCD

OCD often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, such as Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), and Tics or Tourette Syndrome. It’s also common for individuals with OCD to experience multiple types of OCD symptoms simultaneously, known as “OCD spectrum disorders.”

Understanding these different types of OCD helps in recognizing that OCD is not a “one size fits all” condition. Each person’s experience of OCD is unique, and effective treatment often requires a nuanced approach that addresses the specific type(s) of OCD and any overlapping conditions.

6. Shaming OCD

Characteristics: “Shaming OCD” is a subtype where individuals experience intrusive, distressing thoughts that they perceive as shameful or immoral. These thoughts may involve fears of acting out violently, engaging in inappropriate sexual behavior, or losing control of bodily functions in public. The intense shame associated with these thoughts often leads to secrecy and avoidance, delaying the process of seeking help. Unlike other types of OCD, the focus is less on external fears and more on internal judgments about one’s character and morality.

Common Obsessions:

•Fear of committing immoral or taboo actions (e.g., harming someone, acting out sexually).

•Worry about being a bad person because of certain thoughts.

•Intrusive images or thoughts that are perceived as sinful or morally unacceptable.

Common Compulsions:

•Mental rituals like repeated self-reassurance or praying to “neutralize” bad thoughts.

•Avoidance of situations, people, or objects that might trigger the shameful thoughts.

•Seeking excessive reassurance from others to confirm that one is not “bad” or “immoral.”

Impact on Daily Life: The shame and self-criticism tied to these obsessions can make it very challenging for individuals to open up about their experiences. This secrecy can lead to social isolation, depression, and a deepening sense of self-doubt and unworthiness.

Overlap and Comorbidity in OCD

Shaming OCD, like other subtypes of OCD, often coexists with or overlaps with other mental health conditions. Individuals with shaming OCD may experience a range of co-occurring psychological challenges that exacerbate their symptoms:

• •Depression: The intense feelings of shame and self-criticism inherent in shaming OCD can lead to, or worsen, depressive symptoms. The constant self-judgment and fear of being morally flawed can create a pervasive sense of hopelessness and worthlessness.
• •Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Individuals with shaming OCD may also struggle with excessive worry about a variety of topics beyond their obsessions. The need to neutralize or “fix” these fears can mirror the rumination patterns found in GAD, leading to a complex interplay of anxiety symptoms.
• •Social Anxiety Disorder: The fear of judgment or rejection by others due to perceived moral failings can lead to significant social anxiety. Individuals may avoid social situations to prevent their intrusive thoughts from being “discovered” by others, further isolating themselves.
• •Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): For some, shaming OCD can be exacerbated by past traumatic experiences that involve moral or ethical violations, either real or perceived. These experiences can intertwine, reinforcing both PTSD symptoms and the shame-driven obsessions typical of this OCD subtype.

Overlap with Other Conditions: Shaming OCD shares features with several other psychological conditions, making it essential to differentiate between them for accurate diagnosis and treatment:

• •Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): Both shaming OCD and BDD involve obsessive thoughts related to perceived flaws; however, BDD focuses on physical appearance, while shaming OCD centers on moral or ethical concerns. In some cases, these conditions can overlap when an individual experiences shame about perceived physical defects and obsesses over their moral or social implications.
• •Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD): While OCPD involves a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, individuals with shaming OCD are more concerned with avoiding moral or ethical transgressions. However, the perfectionistic tendencies and high self-criticism seen in OCPD can exacerbate the shame and guilt in shaming OCD.
• •Moral Injury: This term is often used in the context of trauma and describes the deep psychological distress that results from actions, or the lack of them, which violate one’s moral or ethical code. Individuals with shaming OCD might have obsessive thoughts about moral injury, and both conditions involve intense feelings of guilt, shame, and self-condemnation.

How is OCD Diagnosed?

Diagnosing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) involves a comprehensive assessment by a qualified mental health professional, typically a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist. In Canada, registered psychotherapists and registered clinical counsellors cannot provide a definitive diagnosis of OCD or any other mental health disorder. However, these professionals play a crucial role in identifying symptoms and working collaboratively with medical practitioners to support clients through the diagnostic process.

The Diagnostic Process for OCD

1. Initial Assessment: The process usually begins with an in-depth clinical interview. The mental health professional will explore the client’s history, presenting concerns, and symptom patterns. This assessment focuses on identifying the presence of obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts) that cause significant distress or impairment in daily functioning.

2. Criteria for Diagnosis: For a formal diagnosis of OCD, the symptoms must meet specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5):

•The presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.

•The obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming (taking more than one hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

•The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse or medication) or another medical condition.

•The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, body dysmorphic disorder).

3. Differential Diagnosis: A key part of diagnosing OCD involves ruling out other conditions that may present with similar symptoms. Conditions like Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Depression, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Tourette Syndrome, and even certain types of Personality Disorders can overlap with OCD. A thorough assessment helps differentiate OCD from these conditions to ensure the right treatment approach.

4. Collaborative Diagnosis: In Canada, a definitive diagnosis of OCD must be made by a psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, or other qualified medical practitioners. Registered psychotherapists and registered clinical counsellors play a vital role in the initial identification and assessment of potential OCD symptoms. They often collaborate with psychiatrists and medical doctors, referring clients for a formal diagnosis when needed. This collaborative approach ensures that clients receive a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate care.

5. Use of Screening Tools and Questionnaires: Mental health professionals may use standardized screening tools such as the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) or the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) to assess the severity and types of symptoms. These tools can provide a structured way to understand the impact of OCD on a client’s daily life and guide the diagnostic process. However, these tools are supplementary and not a substitute for a thorough clinical interview by a qualified diagnostician.

The Role of Registered Psychotherapists and Clinical Counsellors

While registered psychotherapists and clinical counsellors in Canada cannot diagnose OCD, they are trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of OCD and provide essential support to clients who may be struggling. They can help in the following ways:

•Symptom Identification: Psychotherapists and counsellors are often the first point of contact for individuals experiencing distressing symptoms. They can identify patterns of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors and assess their impact on the client’s life.

•Referral to Medical Practitioners: If a client presents with symptoms indicative of OCD, psychotherapists and counsellors can refer them to a psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, or primary care physician for a formal diagnosis. This ensures that clients receive a comprehensive evaluation that may include a combination of interviews, questionnaires, and potentially medical tests to rule out other causes.

•Collaboration in Treatment Planning: Once a diagnosis is made by a qualified medical professional, registered psychotherapists and clinical counsellors collaborate with psychiatrists and psychologists to provide ongoing therapy. Evidence-based treatments like Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness techniques, and self-compassion practices are commonly used in therapy settings to help clients manage and reduce their OCD symptoms.

Importance of a Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach

A thorough and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment strategies that do not adequately address the core symptoms of OCD. By working closely with psychiatrists and medical practitioners, registered psychotherapists and clinical counsellors ensure that clients receive the most appropriate care, tailored to their specific needs.

If you are experiencing symptoms that might suggest OCD, it’s essential to consult with a qualified mental health professional who can guide you through the diagnostic process. My team and I work collaboratively with psychiatrists and other medical practitioners to provide you with the support and care you need. If you’d like to discuss your concerns, please consider booking a consultation with us here.

Best Ways to Treat OCD

OCD is a treatable condition, and many individuals experience significant relief with the right therapeutic interventions. The most effective treatments for OCD typically combine Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), particularly Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), with medication when necessary. However, effective treatment goes beyond managing symptoms; it also involves understanding and addressing the underlying emotional, cognitive, and psychological factors that contribute to OCD. This comprehensive approach is where my therapy practice focuses.

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is widely regarded as the gold standard for treating OCD. ERP is a form of CBT that involves exposing clients to the thoughts, images, objects, and situations that trigger their anxiety and helping them refrain from performing the compulsive behaviors that usually follow. This process gradually reduces the anxiety associated with obsessions and weakens the compulsions designed to neutralize it. For example, a person with contamination fears might be guided to touch a doorknob and then resist the urge to wash their hands. Over time, this reduces their anxiety response and compulsion to engage in ritualistic behaviors.

While ERP is highly effective, it requires a strong commitment to facing fears and tolerating discomfort without reverting to compulsions. Working with a trained therapist is crucial for success in ERP, as therapists provide guidance, support, and tailored exposure exercises to help clients navigate this challenging process. However, ERP is often just the beginning of a comprehensive treatment journey for those looking to go deeper into understanding the roots of their OCD.

2. Medication

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for managing OCD symptoms. These medications work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which can help reduce the intensity of OCD symptoms for many individuals. Medication is generally recommended in combination with therapy, such as Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), to achieve the best results. In some cases, individuals may require a combination of different medications or specific dosage adjustments to find the most effective regimen.

While medication can be a valuable tool for symptom management, it is important to understand that it often does not address the underlying psychological or emotional drivers of OCD. I am not a medical practitioner, so I encourage you to consult with your psychiatrist or primary medical provider to discuss whether medication might be a suitable part of your overall treatment plan. They can provide personalized guidance and ensure that any medication regimen is safe and effective for your specific needs.

3. Complementary Treatments: A Deeper, Holistic Approach to OCD Therapy

While ERP and medication can provide substantial relief, they may not be sufficient for everyone, especially those whose OCD is deeply rooted in complex emotional or cognitive patterns. For many, once they have developed basic coping skills through ERP, the next step is to work with a therapist like me who specializes in addressing the underlying causes of compelling thoughts and unwanted behaviors.

My therapeutic approach includes several complementary treatments that go beyond symptom management to target the core issues that fuel OCD. These approaches can help clients develop a deeper understanding of their condition and more effective long-term coping strategies.

Mindfulness Techniques

Mindfulness-based techniques help clients learn to observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment. By practicing mindfulness, clients can develop a more accepting and less reactive relationship with their intrusive thoughts. This reduces the power these thoughts have over them and diminishes the need to engage in compulsions. Mindfulness practices can also help individuals cultivate greater present-moment awareness, reducing the tendency to ruminate on past obsessions or anxieties about future compulsions.

Self-Compassion Practices

Many individuals with OCD struggle with harsh self-criticism and shame, especially when they experience intrusive thoughts that conflict with their values (e.g., harm OCD or scrupulosity). Self-compassion practices are powerful tools that encourage clients to treat themselves with kindness and understanding rather than judgment and blame. This approach can help reduce the shame and self-criticism that often accompany OCD and lead to a more supportive and caring relationship with oneself.

Identifying and Challenging Distorted Thinking Patterns

OCD often involves cognitive distortions, such as overestimating danger, feeling excessively responsible for preventing harm, or believing that thoughts are equivalent to actions (thought-action fusion). Through a combination of cognitive restructuring and reflective exercises, I help clients learn to identify these distorted thinking patterns and replace them with more realistic and adaptive thoughts. This cognitive work is essential for creating lasting change and reducing the hold OCD has on one’s life.

Developing Healthier Coping Strategies and New Responses to Intrusive Thoughts

Rather than simply trying to suppress or avoid intrusive thoughts, I work with clients to develop new, healthier ways of responding to these thoughts. This might include experimenting with graded exposure exercises, practicing acceptance and commitment strategies, or exploring alternative behaviors that do not reinforce compulsions. Clients learn to face their fears without engaging in compulsions, which fosters resilience and reduces the impact of OCD on their daily lives.

Address the Underlying Causes of OCD

Once clients have established foundational coping skills, many find that they need a therapist who can help them address the deeper emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of OCD. My therapy practice is uniquely equipped to support this journey. By combining evidence-based techniques like ERP with mindfulness, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring, I provide a comprehensive treatment approach that empowers clients to understand and address the roots of their OCD.

If you are ready to move beyond basic coping and delve deeper into the underlying causes of your compelling thoughts and unwanted behaviors, I encourage you to reach out. Book a consultation or a session with my team here to explore how we can work together to build a life less burdened by OCD.

Seeking a Therapist for Deeper OCD Work

If you’ve developed basic coping skills for managing OCD but still struggle with the deeper emotional, cognitive, and behavioral roots, specialized therapy can help. My approach combines evidence-based techniques like ERP with mindfulness, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring to address these underlying issues. This comprehensive approach can empower you to understand your OCD on a deeper level and reduce its impact on your life.

If you’re ready to move beyond coping and explore lasting change, I encourage you to book a consultation or a session with my team here. Together, we can create a personalized treatment plan to help you live a life less burdened by OCD.